Ali Pirani Shal; Niloofar Zarivand
Abstract
Where the structuralist semiotic model Ferdinand de Saussure developed addresses a text's linguistic style and aesthetics without analyzing its implicit meanings, the poststructuralist model propounded by Roland Barthes examines various semantic implications of a text. This study aims to critically read ...
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Where the structuralist semiotic model Ferdinand de Saussure developed addresses a text's linguistic style and aesthetics without analyzing its implicit meanings, the poststructuralist model propounded by Roland Barthes examines various semantic implications of a text. This study aims to critically read the Surah of Quraysh by applying the two theorists' models on its textuality to examine the formation of meaning and implicit layers of meaning. Pinpointing the difference between the two models and reading the Surah of Quraysh based on the structuralist and poststructuralist semiotic models in order to decode the multiplicity of semantic layers according to Barthes' theories constitute the significance of this study. Also, the linguistic contrasts of the Surah are examined based on Ferdinand de Saussure's model. The research finds that the main difference is between declarative sentences (solidarity among the Quraysh) and imperative sentences (the necessity of worshiping God), which are also manifested in other linguistic elements (lexical and syntactic). Barthes' model examines narrative codes' semantic layers. The hermeneutic code highlights solidarity and unity for all societies and groups, which is reinforced by the repetition of Eilaf and Quraysh as semantic and cultural codes. While symbolic codes depict the consequences of the refusal to worship God, probiotic codes refer to the result of worshiping God in the past. While reading the Surah based on Ferdinand de Saussure's model shows that its literal meaning can be understood in syntagmatic structures, which refer to the invitation of the Quraysh to Islam during the time of the Prophet (PBUH) to make peace, a reading based on Barthes' model indicates that the call to Islam and the promotion of monotheism is not limited to the Quraysh but addressed to different societies and groups throughout the ages.
Ali Pirani Shal; Abdullah Hosseini; Ali Asvadi; Fatemeh Abedini
Abstract
Narration is one the most fundamental principles of fictional texts and time is one of the basic components. Among the theorists Gerard Genette has presented the most comprehensive theories about the factor of time in the story. He has distinguished between the time of the text and the time of the story. ...
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Narration is one the most fundamental principles of fictional texts and time is one of the basic components. Among the theorists Gerard Genette has presented the most comprehensive theories about the factor of time in the story. He has distinguished between the time of the text and the time of the story. He divides time into three components: order, continuity and frequency. Va Kan Masa (وکان مساء) is one of the novels of Joddah al-Sahaar who is an Egyptian novelist. He paid high attention to narrative time and its usage. The novelist has focused and showed the thoughts, obsession, sufferings and emotional reactions of a man who is disappointed and heartbroken in his life. The novelist has also showed the narrator`s role in his novel. In narrative researches it is necessary to talk about time forms in pre-modern novels which have been written in common forms of writing. It is obvious that time is determined by anachronisms and paradoxes in post-modern narratives but its usage must still be considered. The aim of the present study was to consider time forms in Va Kan Masa novel which is an Arabic pre-modern novel. It also aimed to clarify aesthetics and its contradictions based on Genette’s theory. The results of the study show that the author of this novel has used all the opportunities and existing capacities for time element and time indices consisting continuity and frequency. Sahaar also noticed the breaking of time limits as one of the most important time features in post-modern novel and used it as a tool for introducing characters and creating a sense of suspense, trouble making plan, trouble shooting, and making struggle in the story. Furthermore it was seen lots of passion towards the past and future narration by using the recalling and foretelling techniques
Ali pirani shal; Soghra falahati; Zohreh naemi; fatemeh khoramian
Ali Piranishal; Soghra Falahati; Masoomeh Rabiee
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Maqamah is a type of literary text that has enjoyed a broad and pervasive position in certain periods of Arabic literature; a number of notable writers such as Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadani, al-Hariri, etc. as well as Nasif al-Yaziji in the contemporary era have worked ...
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Extended Abstract
Introduction
Maqamah is a type of literary text that has enjoyed a broad and pervasive position in certain periods of Arabic literature; a number of notable writers such as Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadani, al-Hariri, etc. as well as Nasif al-Yaziji in the contemporary era have worked in this area. Since the majority of sciences deal with literature, various aspects of text linguistics have formed a vast portion of linguistic studies. Halliday’s functional approach is one of the prominent theories in this area in which novel dimensions of text linguistics are analyzed based on its role or function. Albeit, there is an ongoing debate among critics regarding the level of cohesion in “Maqamat”. In this study, it was attempted to examine text cohesion factors and their concordance in Maqamah Saviyah al-Hariri in light of Halliday and Hasan’s theory. It is worth mentioning the fact that there has been numerous studies in the area of cohesion and Maqamat, yet there has been no research focusing on “cohesion” and “aesthetics” in “Maqamat al-Hariri”
Review of Literature
In their studies in 1976, the founders of text cohesion theory, Halliday and Hasan, examined texts and relations among sentences and named such connections as cohesion. According to the views of these two linguists, cohesion is a semantic concept which highlights semantic relations present in texts and specifies them either as textual or non-textual (Halliday, 1976). They indicated five factors including reference, substitution, ellipsis, lexical cohesion, and conjunction as tools creating cohesion in texts; in this paper, conjunction is investigated.
Method
In this study, it is attempted to examine Maqamah Saviyah al-Hariri through the descriptive analytical method regarding conjunction, i.e. one of the factors for text cohesion, so as to provide answers to the following research questions according to statistics and analysis on the functions of conjunctive devices:
Which one of these subcategories (additive, causal, adversative, and temporal) are more frequent in Maqamah al-Hariri?
What impact has the author’s mastery of employing language capabilities and forming a rhythmic prose had on the aesthetics of the text’s cohesion?
Results and Discussion
As one of the elements of text cohesion, conjunctions involve the presence of sematic relations between sentences in a text which, according to Halliday and Hasan, can be classified into four types including additive, causal, adversative, and temporal. Being the eleventh “maqamah”, the story of Maqamah Saviyah takes place in Saveh cemetery (of which the name “maqamah” is a derivative) and entails a number of moral points. In the story, the protagonist arrives at the corpse being buried and following a shocking speech often accompanied by Quranic verses and hadith as well as rhetorical devices, similes, allusions and metaphors, he reminds people of bitter truths which persuades them to contemplate; he then fills his sack of gifts from the people and leaves the place.
In the Arabic language, devices for these conjunctive elements include “واو، فاء، لذا، لأنّ، لکن، ثمّ...” which play a clear role in Maqamah and even daily spoken language, to the extent that textual imagination appears to be impossible without such devices; this is due to the fact that the presence of a relation between sentences is necessary for the text to become cohesive. It is worth mentioning that the most used additive device is the conjunctive, “واو”, which plays its role within independent sentences throughout the text and contributes to the text’s cohesion. Other devices such as “فاء” involve broader functions, playing a significant role in various areas such as additive, causal and conditionals; on the other hand, in addition to bringing conjunction to the text, conjunctive devices result in grammatical balance and phonetic unity in sentences, inducing certain musicality to the text which has led to the formal aesthetics along with an increased semantic power in the text.
Conclusion
According to the important results of the study, additive and adversative devices involved the highest and lowest frequency of use in Maqamah Saviyah with 64.4 and 2.3%, respectively, which is due to the descriptive nature of the text. Causal and conditional relations with 12.3% and temporal relation with a frequency of 18.8% connect the events of the story, denoting death and separation, similar to a chain. In other words, the story begins with death and separation and ends with the separation between the narrator and the protagonist, the former leaving from the right side towards southern winds while the latter, Abu Zeyd Sarouji going left towards the northern wind. In addition to bringing semantic cohesion to the text, the use of conjunctions have also enhanced the aesthetic aspects of Maqamah.
hossein ashoori
Abstract
Extended Abstract
1-Introduction
Identify the meaning and semantic connotation is the most important reserchers noteworthy issues. Abd -Al- quhir Al- jurjani is among reserchers who was attended to this subject. He exhibite the meaning of meaning theory pending on pitching the compilers purpose in ...
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Extended Abstract
1-Introduction
Identify the meaning and semantic connotation is the most important reserchers noteworthy issues. Abd -Al- quhir Al- jurjani is among reserchers who was attended to this subject. He exhibite the meaning of meaning theory pending on pitching the compilers purpose in knowing the texts meaning. This theory is the reson for distiniction between slang and poetic language and added a second meaning to the didactic text. In resent decads structuralism and decanstructisms make the new methods replace text comprehention with reversalling this theoy. structuralism know enough text in undrstanding the meaning and decanstruct surrender undrstanding the meaning to the reader and introduce the multiplicity study or writer death.
2-Theorycal framwork
Each reserch has a reserchical structer aod theorical frame that is reserched duration it and after serching the key and formal words the resualt get earn. It can be said that ablo to gething signficance from the text ,have the specific position in didactic reserchs and language studie Arabs resercher have done extended reserchs about meaning of meaning theory and have added wew appinions to it. Western reserchers made basics changes in significance and introduction of two structuralism and decanstructisms.
3-Method
Presen reserch has aim to peruse proces of vicissitude meaninig of meaning from the first up to now and three discovering the significance methods existance in text: dominate the writer's porpuose in text (meaning of meaning) structure dominate (structuralism) and significance unpragmatism (Deconstruct). It can be said this topic is because of compartivecar study between this three new theory and hasn't been accomplished as it up to now .In continuance will be exhibit a briefe explanation about upon three methods.
a) Meaning of meaning: in this method the second and unright signficance become deliberate with standing on metaphor, Allegory and metonymy. This metpde has belived that can discover the main porpose and scompe in the text.
b) Structuralism: in this methode significance undrstanding without contemplate historical, social, political and caltural problems contemplate that is dominate on text and writers days.
c) decanstructisms: in this methode writer is a person who undrstand the significance and currect significance is that reader could undrestand it. Decanstruct dont give up any worthy for writer. decanstruct signify the unpragmatism theory with discuss the writer death theory in which each text is contain thousands significance based on writers undrestand.
4-Consequnt and discription the subject
Meaning of meaning is a lable that was invented for the first time by Abd-Al-quhir Al-jurnani ; this theory is pending on gamut pronunciation means metaphor, simile, allegory and metonymy and practice for the levele after the first significance. Roots of this theory exist on the thoughtfuls letters befor Abd-Al-qahir Al-jurjani under the title like "second significance". Current reviewers use other new terminoloy like: single significance and far functions insted of meaning of meaning.
5-Conclusion
Significance is an esoteric point in text that three upon isms thoughtful's have tried to undrestand it. Meaning of meaning has many diffrences with two structuralism and deconstructuralism as a first significance Try for discovering the meaning in text with two deconstruct and structuralism isms. This theory know the writer and his purpose undrstand significance based in text and has belive to significance twosome in one text ond possibility to discovering clear significance via undrstanding writer's purpose , but structuralism and deconstruct don't give up any prestige for meaning and meaning. Structuralism is based on text way in knowing significance and deconstruct is stand on writer realization for discovering text signiffance and know the writer death theory and unpragmatism significanc as index for undrstanding available significance in text.
Per this two isms, existance two significance spectrum and create don't have any places in knowing the meaning come from text.
